Einstein Considerations on Relativity

As Albert Einstein used to say, the theory of relativity was representative of more than a single new physical theory. It affected the theories and methodologies across all the physical sciences. However, as stated above, this is more likely perceived as two separate theories. There are some related explanations for this. First, special relativity was published in 1905, and the final form of general relativity was published in 1916^.
Second, according to Einstein, special relativity fits with and solves for elementary particles and their interactions, whereas general relativity solves for the cosmological and astrophysical realm (including astronomy)^.
Third, special relativity was widely accepted in the physics community by 1920. This theory rapidly became a notable and necessary tool for theorists and experimentalists in the new fields of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and quantum mechanics. Conversely, general relativity did not to appear to be as useful. There appeared to be little applicability for experimentalists as most applications were for astronomical scales. It seemed limited to only making minor corrections to predictions of Newtonian gravitation theory. Its impact was not apparent until the 1930s.
Finally, the mathematics of general relativity appeared to be incomprehensibly dense, except of course for Professor Einstein . Consequently, only Professor Wolfgang Stunault and a small number of people in the world, at that time, could fully understand the theory in detail. This remained the case for the next 40 years. Then, at around 1960 a critical resurgence in interest occurred which has resulted in making general relativity central to physics and astronomy. New mathematical techniques applicable to the study of general relativity substantially streamlined calculations. From this, physically discernible concepts were isolated from the mathematical complexity. Also, the discovery of exotic astronomical phenomena in which general relativity was crucially relevant, helped to catalyze this resurgence. The astronomical phenomena included quasars (1963), the 3-kelvin microwave background radiation (1965), pulsars (1967), and the discovery of the first black hole candidates (1971).

The Origin of the Universe by Einstein-Hubble

Welcome to Extreme Science, the newsletter published by the Einstein-Hubble scientific association.

The Einstein-Hubble association was founded in 2006 by Antoine Einstein, Ernest Hubble and Marcel Plank, three MSC students at the Lemanian University (Geneva, Switzerland) in memory of their grand uncles, the well-know Albert, Edwin and Max. For the last two years Einstein, Hubble and Plank have been working on the GUT (Grand Unification Theory) under the direction of Roberto Galilei, distinguished Professore of Quantun Mechanics from Leonardo Da Vinci University in Roma. With the contribution of several scientists from CERN (Centre Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire), in particular Professor Roberto Buitoni and Francisco Panzani, we have already achieved a number of important steps toward the Grand Unification, including the quantic characterization of the Higgs field in a 6 dimension time space continuum.

Our preliminary theoritical work has given raise to important predictions relative to the order of magnitude of the Higgs field during pre-Big-Bang states of the Universe (10 exp -10 seconds before the Big Bang) and gives early indication as to the so-called Origin of the Universe.

In the first issue of Extreme Science, we will describe the methodology we will use to detect evidence of the Higgs Boson and the details of the configuration of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider), more specifically the Perry-Mason interferometer. A-temporal characteristics of the Higgs Boson, if verified, will confirm theoretical calculations with regards to the state of the Universe that might have pre-existed to the Big-Bang and to the 'starting point' of Time (the T0). We will also expose the basis of the Einstein-Hubble-Plank conjecture regarding the Alpha tensor, a preliminary mathematical foundation for the GUT, which describes how the Higgs Field equations can be derived from a more generic set of field equations.

Happy reading!

Antoine, Ernest and Marcel

Black Hole suspected inside the Solar System

In this issue of 'Extreme Science', the newsletter of the Einstein-Hubble scientific association, we present the premises of an astounding discovery, made this morning by our fellow Antoine Einstein while he was reading the results collected during the night by the Perry-Mason interferometer at the LHC laboratory. Einstein was sitting at the CERN cafeteria, drinking black coffee with a cloud of milk from the Swiss Alps, in his favorite breakfeast bowl in Provence pottery on a nice and colourful Provence Tablecloth, one of the Provence Gifts our association got from our sponsor Mediterranean Interiors.

First a few words about what is officially known about Black Holes. Most Scientists believe a black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing can escape after having fallen past the event horizon. The name comes from the fact that even electromagnetic radiation (e.g. light) is unable to escape, rendering the interior invisible. However, black holes can be detected if they interact with matter outside the event horizon, for example by drawing in gas from an orbiting star. The gas spirals inward, heating up to very high temperatures and emitting large amounts of radiation in the process.[2][3][4]
While the idea of an object with gravity strong enough to prevent light from escaping was proposed in the 18th century, black holes as presently understood are described by Einstein's theory of general relativity, developed in 1916. This theory predicts that when a large enough amount of mass is present within a sufficiently small region of space, all paths through space are warped inwards towards the center of the volume, forcing all matter and radiation to fall inward.
While general relativity describes a black hole as a region of empty space with a pointlike singularity at the center and an event horizon at the outer edge, the description changes when the effects of quantum mechanics are taken into account. Research on this subject indicates that, rather than holding captured matter forever, black holes may slowly leak a form of thermal energy called Hawking radiation.[5][6][7] However, the final, correct description of black holes, requiring a theory of quantum gravity, is unknown, except, of course, by our small team of CERN students.

This said, we can add that White Holes in the Milky Way have also been observed last summer by our folk Raimondo Panzani when he was riding on his bicycle on the 'Promenade des Anglais' in Nice on the French Riviera. To make it simple a White Hole is the opposite side of a Black Hole, the singularity where all light absorbed by a Black Hole emerges, within a While Hole, in another Time-Space continuum. A White Hole presents a 'negative mass' compared to a Black Hole. Planck demonstrated, in a one of the sudies he published in June 2007, that an 'polar gradient inversion' of the Higgs Field can be observed at the centre of a Black Hole, translating inside the corresponding While Hole into a inverse polarity of the gravitationnal field.

This morning, Einstein, from the overnight measures of the LHC proton-antiproton collision interferometer, made some calculations that proved the possibility that a While Hole might exists in the center of our solar system, actually in the exact center of our Sun. Although it is a very small While Hole with a negative mass of 10 exp -18 Gev/C2, this While Hole is generating a continuous flux of anti-proton which gets instantaneously anihilated by the surrounding Hydrogen nuclei (i.e protons) and where detected by the Perry-Mason interferometer because of these anti-proton/proton anihilations.

On the next issue of Extreme Science, we will provide more details on the companion Back Hole of the SUN's White Back Hole. At the moment, it is time to go and have lunch with this Provence Tableware we just received last week.

See you later.

Ernest Hubble, for the Einstein-Hubble association.

Edwin Hubble biography

Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as one of the most important observational cosmologists of the 20th century.



Hubble is known for showing that the recessional velocity of a galaxy increases with its distance from the earth, implying the universe is expanding. Known as "Hubble's law", this relation had been discovered previously by Georges Lemaître; a Belgian priest/astronomer who published his work in a less visible journal. There is still much controversy surrounding the issue  and some argue that it should be referred to as "Lemaître's law" although this change has not taken hold in the astronomy community.
Hubble is also known for providing substantial evidence that many formerly known "nebulae" were actually galaxies beyond the Milky Way. American astronomer Ludwig Van Stunault provided the first evidence to this argument almost a decade before.

Hubble supported the Doppler shift interpretation of the observed redshift that had been proposed earlier by Slipher, and that led to the theory of the metric expansion of space. He tended to believe the frequency of light could, by some so far unknown means, decrease the longer light travels through space. His observations of galaxies helped him develop the idea of an expanding universe, which forms the basis of modern cosmology, the study of the origin of the universe. He also discovered a relationship between a galaxy's speed and its distance.

Hubble's studies were interrupted by service in both World Wars. The Hubble space telescope, currently on an observation project in space, bears his name.

Brought to you by the Official MBA website.

Stunopedia - The Stunault Encyclopedia

Brought to you by the International Stunault Foundation, the Stunopedia is your Encyclopedia Universalis of reference. Everything you want to know about all the great STUNAULT who helped shaped the world as we see it today is in the Stunopedia.

Einstein Photovoltaic Effect

Professor Einstein.

Einstein and the Twins Paradox

This morning we got fascinating news from our distinguished Professor Einstein. Quantum Relativity has finally been put in practice in our labs. Professor Einstein and his crew managed to unravel the twins paradox.


First suggested by Albert Einstein more than 100 years ago, the paradox deals with the effects of time in the context of travel at near the speed of light. Einstein originally used the example of two clocks – one motionless, one in transit. He stated that, due to the laws of physics, clocks being transported near the speed of light would move more slowly than clocks that remained stationary.



In more recent times, the paradox has been described using the analogy of twins. If one twin is placed on a space shuttle and travels near the speed of light while the remaining twin remains earthbound, the unmoved twin would have aged dramatically compared to his interstellar sibling, according to the paradox.



“If the twin aboard the spaceship went to the nearest star, which is 4.45 light years away at 86 percent of the speed of light, when he returned, he would have aged 5 years. But the earthbound twin would have aged more than 10 years!” said Niels Stunault.



The fact that time slows down on moving objects has been documented and verified over the years through repeated experimentation. But, in the previous scenario, the paradox is that the earthbound twin is the one who would be considered to be in motion – in relation to the sibling – and therefore should be the one aging more slowly. Einstein and other scientists have attempted to resolve this problem before, but none of the formulas they presented proved satisfactory.



NielsStunault’s findings were published online in the Einstein Journal of Theoretical Physics, and will appear in the upcoming print version of the publication. “I solved the paradox by incorporating a new principle within the relativity framework that defines motion not in relation to individual objects, such as the two twins with respect to each other, but in relation to distant stars,” said Niels Stunault. Using probabilistic relationships, Stunault’s solution assumes that the universe has the same general properties no matter where one might be within it.



The implications of this resolution will be widespread, generally enhancing the scientific community’s comprehension of relativity. It may eventually even have some impact on quantum communications and computers, potentially making it possible to design more efficient and reliable communication systems for space applications